How do we explain to students the difference between “sequential,” or cause-and-effect processes for some concepts and emergent causal effects for other processes? Most people are familiar with simple sequential cause-and-effect concepts, such as a child kicking a ball and the ball hitting and breaking a window. Science processes based on a sequence of events are easily understood by most students. But many people are less familiar with processes that have emergent causal effects in which collective interactions create a detectable pattern.

Many people do not know what defines a desert, what is unique about the Sonoran Desert or what this desert may have in common with others. The Sonoran Desert was not included in the Encyclopedia of Life, a free, online collaborative encyclopedia documenting the 1.9 million living species known to science.

Ariel Anbar and Punya Mishra write, “We are underprepared at multiple levels for the economic, environmental and societal disruptions that accompany the advance of global civilization and technology.” Anbar is a President’s Professor in ASU’s School of Earth and Space Exploration and School of Molecular Sciences, and an affiliate faculty member of Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College. Mishra is associate dean of scholarship and innovation at MLFTC.

With the 2018–19 school year, the Next Education Workforce initiative at ASU’s Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College created and deployed a residency model for teacher preparation in which teams of teacher candidates were paid by school districts to work with one mentor teacher across two classrooms of pre-K–12 students. Each team of educators worked to meet the needs of more than 60 students, introducing a mutually beneficial approach to residency-based instruction.

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