by Carol Sowers

Roucelin Nava's photograph of her grandmother's boldly colored funeral flowers—purple mums, Gerber daisies and red roses—was more than a simple digital image. It was a devotion to the woman she had loved and lost.

"She saved lives,” Roucelin said of her Mama Vira Robles Garcia.

"When I hurt my knee, my mom didn't even call 911 because she knew my grandma would fix it,” Roucelin wrote in the picture's caption.

Roucelin's emotional picture was one of 43 chosen for a stunning exhibit unveiled at the South Mountain Salvation Army Community Center July 30, 2009.

The extraordinary photos were chosen from nearly 1,000 images created by six fifth and sixth graders taking part in the South Phoenix Photovoice project, an innovative program co-directed by two Arizona State University assistant professors, Seline Szkupinski Quiroga, Department of Transborder Chicana/o and Latina/o studies, and Jennifer Sandlin, assistant professor in the Division of Advanced Studies in Education Policy, Leadership, and Curriculum, in the Mary Lou Fulton Institute and Graduate School of Education.

Szkupinski Quiroga and Sandlin are both members of the ASU South Phoenix Collaborative, a network of researchers, students, and community stakeholders addressing health and environmental challenges in the South Mountain community.

Photovoice was designed to empower youth through digital photography, teaching them during a 12- week program to turn their lenses on their community, capturing images of anything from dangerous streets to childhood obesity. The program also helped the students discover the strong pull of advertising on their lives as they roamed their neighborhoods with their cameras.

Szkupinski Quiroga, a medical anthropologist, who studies the intersection between culture and health "initiated the Photovoice project,” said Sandlin, who designed the project's curriculum.

With long experience working with communities, Szkupinski Quiroga met with South Phoenix residents "to get the lay of the land and learn what they were concerned with.

"Everybody was talking about childhood obesity, but we wanted to know what the kids think, what are they eating and why. What do they think is healthy food and what is their experience with exercise,” she said. Eleven-year-old Joseph Montano took a picture of his grandmother behind a plate of tacos, rice, and beans at a favorite restaurant, to sum up his cultural reverence for Mexican food.

"We are a generation of taco eaters,” he said.

Sandlin said she delved into the Photovoice project because she is "very interested in popular culture and advertising and how they help shape our identities and belief systems as we walk through the world.” Photovoice, she said, was the perfect setting for the 10 and 11-year-olds to talk about how they are affected by powerful advertising, particularly for less-than healthy food.

Referring to a photo of a candy vending machine at the Salvation Army, she said "the kids and I had a really interesting conversation in which they described how advertising for candy leads you to believe that the candy is somewhat healthy, such as the advertising for Snickers bars.”

The students, Sandlin said, "were savvy” about how consumers are mislead, but were still influenced by the ads "and regularly bought the foods anyway.” She explained, however, that "often they are buying and eating this food because don't have any other choices. For instance, the vending machines in the community center where they spend a great deal of time almost exclusively stocks candy and junk food, so while they may be aware of what healthy choices are, they aren't being given the opportunity to choose healthy foods in those contexts.”

As the students wrestled with whether they should eat the candy, the teachers urged them to "act on their critical analyses of these ads,” Sandlin said. "We also encouraged them to see health as encompassing not just individual choices, but also cultural and structural issues such as the kinds of foods that are marketed to them and that are made available to them in the restaurants and grocery stores in their neighborhoods, and the availability or lack of availability of safe sidewalks and parks in their neighborhoods.” '

"The kids intuitively expressed this broader idea of health as they began taking photographs of their neighborhoods, and sought to raise awareness, through those photographs, of both personal and structural factors fostering or prohibiting health in their communities,” Sandlin added.

With a new interest in healthy eating, the students took pictures of fruits and vegetables, contrasting them with sugar and fat-laden snacks.

April Ruiz, who composed an inviting portrait of sliced cantaloupe, said the melon is her ‘'favorite fruit. It is healthy and helps our body get energy.”

Adam Orosco, 12, made his statement on unhealthy foods with a photo of the vending machines' candy bars and other snacks.

Eating well, he said, "is more important than anything else, it keeps you healthy.”

Albert Longoria, 10, known as AJ, said he has sworn off junk food since photographing the project. "They started tasting nasty,” he said.

Szkupinski Quiroga said the "project provides a unique opportunity for health-care professionals, policy makers, and stakeholders to view the food and physical activity environment, health and body image through the eyes of youth, which is the only way we will be able to make sustainable change.”

The $12,000 project was funded by top-tier health agencies and others interested in promoting healthy diets: The Association of State and Territorial Public Health Nutrition Directors, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in collaboration with the Arizona Department of Health Services, ASU, and the Salvation Army Phoenix South Mountain Corps Community Center.

Andrew Hammerand, a professional fine arts photographer and recent ASU graduate, taught the students how to operate the cameras, master the art of storytelling, and document social issues with photography.

The students went on "photo walks” to practice their skills. Once familiar with the digital cameras, they were given weekly assignments on a broad health-related subject and returned every Saturday to download their pictures and talk about their images.

Hammerand, rushing with other colleagues to frame and hang the 43 photos the night before the exhibit, said he was "blown away by the photos the students took.”

So was the project's Curatorial and Exhibition Specialist, Claire Warden, an ASU senior enrolled in photography and museum studies, who curated the Photovoice exhibit, as well as Jando Chavez, an installation assistant.

Chavez pointed to the serene photo of a white hammock taken by Berenice Flores, saying that the exquisite lighting gave it a "Zen like quality.”

Warden, who has a background in painting, noticed Roucelin's photo of her grandmother's grave, calling the picture "visually stimulating” and evidence of her reverence for "family history and religion.”

Sandlin called the students' photographs "amazing and thought-provoking.” She was impressed with how the students "enacted the philosophy of Photovoice” and with how they worked "incredibly hard to learn about photography and to reflect on health issues in their community.”

Just as Szkupinski Quiroga and Sandlin expect the project to draw attention to childhood obesity, the students documented untended parks and streets and gang graffiti in hopes of striking a chord with officials who have the clout to make change.

Longoria's stark picture of a lone paint-peeling soccer goal in a littered park makes a strong point. "I can't play with all the trash,” he wrote in the picture's caption. "You might get hurt on the broken bottles. They never clean it . . . I was going to do it but it is too much.”

Berenice Flores also expects her picture of litter to spark action.

She stated, "Photovoice helps you communicate with the community. The littering photo I took is going to teach other people not to litter because they are making the community look ugly and pathetic which is a bad influence for other communities . . . The mayor should do programs for cleaning litter and trash.”

The young photographers concluded that unsavory parks discourage kids from playing there, and broken sidewalks and dangerous streets derail good intentions to exercise.

"Walking is healthy, but also dangerous, too,” participants wrote. "When you are walking you can get hurt, too. You have to walk on the street because there is no sidewalk. It's just full of dirt and rocks and you could get jumped by gangsters.”

Major Guy Hawk, the Corps Office Administrator for the Salvation Army Center, who attended the exhibit, also said he was "amazed” by the "quality of the photographs by kids who had just picked up a digital camera. I think they did a great job showing the flavor of the neighborhood, not just the good, but also the bad. The captions that went along with the photographs also helped the children tell their story through their eyes.” Jesusa Sebastian, the grandmother of Joseph Montano, who took the picture of the Mexican food, said her grandson "did such a good job of making the food look good. We only get to go out and eat at this restaurant once a month as it is expensive, but this photo made the trip worth it.”

Chelsea Faliveno, the community center's program director, said the Photovoice project did far more than teach fifth and sixth graders to create riveting photos.

"The bigger picture is that they are doing much more than taking pictures,” she said. "They are learning discipline and to finish a project. Their parents aren't consistent. They need some consistency in their lives.”

The South Mountain Salvation Army is a second home and safe haven for many South Phoenix children. The center has a large menu of activities: competitive sports, tutoring by ASU teachers-in-training, field trips and arts and crafts. Many children stay until the center closes at 7 p.m., waiting for parents to pick them up after work. Others ride the city bus home.

Photovoice, Faliveno said, taught the children that they "have other options. Photography is a great thing you can get a degree in and that college is within their reach.”

The young photographers and creators of Photovoice want their powerful pictures to get more attention and are looking for restaurants, schools, libraries, community centers, coffee shops and businesses to showcase their exhibit. Anyone interested in hosting the exhibit can call Sandlin at (979) 777-0993 or Szkupinski Quiroga at (480) 727-6091. They also can be reached at selinesq@asu.edu and jennifer.sandlin@asu.edu.